Why the AGOA and HOPE/HELP Extensions Matter More Than You Think

If your supply chain touches textiles, apparel, or critical minerals, the House vote just bought you three more years of stability—and a window to make some strategic decisions.

The US House of Representatives approved the renewal of two significant trade programs: the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and the HOPE/HELP initiatives for Haiti. Both programs had already expired, creating uncertainty for businesses that depend on stable sourcing partnerships. The three-year extension, if signed into law, will be retroactive.

For companies navigating an increasingly complex global trade environment, this isn’t just legislative housekeeping. It’s a signal about where American trade policy is headed—and what that means for your procurement strategy.

What Just Happened?

AGOA, first enacted in 2000, provides qualifying sub-Saharan African countries with duty-free access to the US market. We’re talking about more than 1,800 products that can enter without tariffs, plus over 5,000 additional goods covered under the Generalised System of Preferences. In 2024, 32 countries met the strict eligibility requirements related to governance, anti-corruption measures, human rights, and market access.

The program expired on September 30, 2025. Congress last extended it in 2015, setting that expiration date a decade in advance.

The HOPE/HELP program offers similar trade preferences specifically for textile and apparel products from Haiti, a country located less than 700 miles from the US coast.

Both programs lapsed before the House vote, creating a period of uncertainty that had trade organizations sounding the alarm. The American Apparel & Footwear Association, along with other industry groups, pushed Congress to act quickly due to the disruption caused by expired preferences.

Why This Matters for Your Business

The textile and apparel connection is direct. If you’re sourcing garments, fabrics, or related products, these programs directly impact your duty structure and landed costs. The AAFA noted that these measures support 3.6 million American workers by opening markets for US cotton and textile exports while enabling diversified sourcing.

The HOPE/HELP extension is particularly significant for companies focused on nearshoring. Haiti offers geographic proximity to the United States—a major advantage when you’re trying to reduce lead times and transportation costs. The program’s renewal provides stability for Haiti’s apparel sector despite ongoing political challenges in the country, which supporters argue is important both economically and from a regional security perspective.

The strategic importance goes beyond textiles. AGOA is widely viewed as central to US efforts to counter economic activities by China and Russia in Africa. China has invested an estimated $8 billion to $10 billion in Africa, largely focused on securing access to critical mineral resources. These minerals—which include materials essential for batteries, electronics, and defense applications—account for approximately 30% of the global supply.

The renewal of AGOA signals that the United States intends to maintain economic relationships with African nations that can provide access to these strategic resources. For businesses in manufacturing, technology, or any industry dependent on critical minerals, this has long-term implications for supply chain resilience.

The Three-Year Timeline: Opportunity or Warning?

Here’s what stands out: Congress extended these programs for three years. That’s not much runway if you’re making major capital investments or long-term sourcing commitments based on duty-free access.

Think of this as a probationary period. The eligibility requirements for AGOA—particularly around governance, anti-corruption, and human rights—aren’t just paperwork. They’re conditions that can change. Countries can lose eligibility if they don’t maintain standards. Your suppliers’ duty-free status isn’t guaranteed just because they have it today.

This is also Congress signaling that it wants flexibility. Trade policy is increasingly viewed through the lens of strategic competition, workforce impact, and supply chain security. A three-year extension allows lawmakers to reassess priorities relatively quickly.

What Smart Companies Are Doing Now

Diversifying duty exposure. If you’re heavily dependent on products that enter duty-free under AGOA or HOPE/HELP, now is the time to model what happens if those preferences change or expire. What’s your landed cost if you’re suddenly paying standard tariff rates? How does that change your pricing or margins?

Evaluating alternative sourcing. Three years gives you time to identify backup suppliers in other regions or explore domestic options for critical inputs. This doesn’t mean abandoning current partnerships—it means having a Plan B that’s more than theoretical.

Strengthening supplier relationships in qualifying countries. If you have good partnerships with suppliers in AGOA-eligible countries, this extension is an opportunity to deepen those relationships while the benefits are locked in. The programs promote stable, transparent supply chains, which is exactly what most procurement teams are trying to build.

Watching the nearshoring trend. The HOPE/HELP extension aligns with broader American trade priorities focused on nearshoring and onshoring. If you’re in textiles or apparel, Haiti’s geographic advantage—combined with trade preferences—makes it worth evaluating as part of a Western Hemisphere sourcing strategy.

The Bigger Picture

These extensions are part of a larger recalibration of US trade policy. Whether it’s tariff discussions with the EU, tensions with China, or strategic partnerships in Africa, the common thread is that trade is no longer just about cost optimization. It’s about resilience, strategic positioning, and managing geopolitical risk.

For businesses, that means trade policy monitoring can’t be something you review quarterly anymore. When programmes expire and get renewed on short timelines, when tariff rates can shift based on diplomatic negotiations, and when supplier eligibility can change based on governance standards, staying informed becomes a competitive advantage.

What Happens Next

The House has voted. The bill now moves to the Senate, where the AAFA is urging swift action given the bipartisan support and the fact that these programs have already expired. Once enacted, the three-year extension will be retroactive, which provides some relief for shipments that entered during the lapsed period.

Beth Hughes, vice president of trade and customs policy at the AAFA, put it clearly: “Yesterday’s vote reflects bipartisan recognition that protecting the African and Haitian apparel and footwear industries strengthens the US apparel and footwear industry, and its 3.6 million American workers, by opening markets for US cotton and textile exports and advancing diversified sourcing goals.”

That’s the framework to understand here. These programs aren’t charity—they’re strategic tools that connect American economic interests with international partnerships. When they work, everyone benefits: African and Haitian suppliers get market access, American companies get duty-free imports, and US exporters of cotton and textiles get customers.

The Bottom Line

If your business touches textiles, apparel, footwear, or critical minerals sourced from sub-Saharan Africa or Haiti, the renewal of AGOA and HOPE/HELP gives you three years of clarity. Use that time wisely.

Model your exposure. Diversify your sourcing. Strengthen your partnerships. And keep watching the Senate, because until this becomes law, uncertainty remains.

Trade policy is moving faster than it used to. The companies that treat these changes as opportunities to reassess and adapt will be better positioned than those who simply hope for stability and do nothing.